多吃三种食物可以预防心血管病

为预防和治疗心血管疾病，在饮食上可以适当多摄取三类食物。
　　多喝茶
　　多喝茶。最近的一项研究显示：跟不喝茶的人相比，一旦心脏病发作，喝茶多的人(每天喝两杯以上)死亡率要低44%，适量喝茶的人死亡率
　　降低28%。，红茶和绿茶中一种叫类黄酮的抗氧化物质能够防止动脉血栓形成，保持血管的柔韧性。
沙丁鱼
　　多吃鱼。鱼肉中含有Ω-3脂肪酸，有助于阻止血液凝块生成，降低甘油三酯，减轻血管炎症。一项研究表明，在16年的时间里每周吃鱼五次或更多次的妇女，冠心病的发病率降低了1/3，心脏病发作的几率降低了50%。富含Ω-3脂肪酸的鱼种包括：鲑鱼、鲱鱼、沙丁鱼、金枪鱼等。
　　波菜
　　补充维生素。维生素C和E中的抗氧化物质可使胆固醇不易黏附在动脉壁上；叶酸可减少体内跟心血管疾病有关的、一种叫做同型半胱氨酸的物质。维生素C存在于很多蔬菜水果中；维生素E存在于花生、葵花籽、麦芽和植物油中；叶酸存在于各种绿叶蔬菜如菠菜、青菜、花椰菜、莴苣中，动物性食品如肝、肾、乳制品等也含有丰富的叶酸。

冬季用中药去除青春痘的方法

用中医中药治疗青春痘讲究地是辨证治疗，目前对青春痘的辨证分型尚缺乏统一的标准。根据临床所见，大致可分为以下几型：肺经风热型、湿热蕴结型、痰湿凝结型。或分为肺经风热、脾胃湿热、肝郁气结、瘀血阻滞、痰湿凝结、热毒蕴结、冲任不调七型。
　　肺经风热型
　　特征：油性皮肤多见。丘疹呈红色，或有痒痛，多分布于鼻周。可有口干，舌红，苔薄黄、便黄，大便干燥，脉浮数。
　　治则：宜清肺散热。
　　方药：枇杷清肺饮加减
　　枇杷叶10克，桑白皮10克，黄芩10克，栀子10克，野菊花10克，白茅根30克，黄连10克，赤芍10克，生槐米15克，金银花20克，当归10克，苦参10克。
　　方解：枇杷清肺饮原方出自《医宗金鉴》，本方取枇杷叶苦平，性善降泄;桑白皮甘寒性降，两药俱人肺经，清肃肺热为君药。黄芩、黄连、金银花、野菊清热解毒燥湿为臣。当归、苦参、栀子、赤芍、白茅根、生槐米清热凉血共为佐使。有脓疱加公英、地丁;口渴加生石膏、知母;便干加生大黄。水煎服，每日1剂，早晚饭后分温服。
　　饮食调养：枇杷薏苡仁粥：生薏苡仁100克，鲜枇杷60克(去皮核)，枇杷叶10克。先将枇杷叶洗净切碎，煮沸10～15分钟，捞去渣后，纳入薏苡仁煮粥，粥熟后切碎枇杷果肉，放人其中搅匀即可。
　　中药外治：选择中药大黄、硫黄、丹参、冰片各等量，研成极细末，与适量大豆粉混合，加基质调成稀膏，敷于面上。7—10天1次，3次1疗程。
　　针灸疗法：主穴选择百会、尺泽、曲池、大椎、合谷、肺俞、委中。配穴选四白、下关、颊车。用泻法，中等刺激，留针半小时，每日1次，10次1疗程，症状好转后改为隔日1次。
湿热蕴结型
　　特征：面部、胸背部或臀部皮疹较多。表现为结节及多数大小脓疱，可以挤出黄白色碎米粒样脂栓，皮疹红肿疼痛。伴口臭口苦，大便黏滞不爽，便秘，尿黄。舌红，苔黄腻，脉滑数。
　　治则：宜清热化湿通腑。
　　方药：茵陈蒿汤加减
　　茵陈30克，栀子10克，黄芩10克，益母草15克，大青叶20克，白鲜皮20克，大黄6克，甘草6克。
　　方解：茵陈蒿汤出自《伤寒论》。本方中茵陈蒿味苦性平，清热利湿，擅治湿疮、疥癣、风疹等皮肤病，故用为君药。栀子、黄芩、大黄清热燥湿，通腑泻热为臣药。大青叶、白鲜皮、益母草清热解毒，疏风活血为佐药。甘草调和诸药为使药。饮食调养：凉拌三苋：鲜苋菜、鲜冬苋菜、鲜马齿苋各100克，分别用开水焯至八成熟，捞出后浸入冷水中5～10分钟，取出控水，切段，适量加入调料后拌匀即可。
　　中药外治：与肺经风热方法相同。
　　针灸治疗：主穴选百会、大椎、曲池、合谷、肺俞、委中。配穴选内庭、足三里、脾俞，病变局部周围穴。脾俞用补法，其余均用泻法。留针半小时，每日1次，10次为1疗程。症状好转后改为隔日1次。
征候：皮疹结成囊肿，或有纳呆、便溏。
　　治则：宜消痰软坚，活血化瘀。
　　方药：化瘀散结丸加减
　　舌淡胖，苔薄，脉滑。
　　桃仁6克，红花6克，益母草12克，夏枯草10克，当归6克，海藻10克，炒三棱10克，赤芍6克，银花12克，昆布10克，炙半夏10克，陈皮10克。
　　方解：海藻、昆布咸寒，化痰软坚散结为君药。桃仁、红花活血化瘀散结，炒三棱破血逐瘀消散共为臣药。炙半夏、陈皮化痰散结燥湿，当归、赤芍养血活血共为佐药。益母草、夏枯草、银花清热解毒散结为使药。
　　饮食调养：将桃仁、山楂、贝母各9克煎成汤液，去渣后人粳米煮粥。每日1剂，日服3次，共服30日。
　　中药外治：选大枫子仁、杏仁、核桃仁、红粉、樟脑各30克。先将三仁同研极细末，再加红粉、樟脑一同研细如泥，如太干，加麻油少许调匀。每晚于患处搽1次。还可选用中药面膜进行治疗，用细辛250克，白芷、白芍、白附子、当归各500克，白扁豆、五味子各200克，乌梅250克，红花100克，共研成细末，以医用石膏为基质，约200克，加中药粉约20克，用30～40℃温水，搅拌成糊状，然后敷于面上，眉毛、眼、鼻、口外露，30分钟后揭掉。每周1次，4次为1疗程。
　　针灸治疗：主穴选百会、曲池、合谷、委中、肺俞、病变局部周围穴。配穴选血海、三阴交、脾俞、膈俞等。脾俞用补法，其余穴均用平补平泻法。留针20—30分钟，每日1次，症状好转后改为隔日1次，10次为1疗程。

Cancer of the Devil

Last week, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) released its latest report on the state of the world’s species. It makes for gloomy reading. Although there have been a few triumphs — species increasing their numbers thanks to conservation efforts — the general picture is one of decline. A quarter of all mammal species are now endangered, mostly because their habitat is disappearing. But of all the mammals now on the endangered list, from the fishing cat to the Caspian seal, the most startling is the Tasmanian devil. Tasmanian Devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) (Ian Waldie/Getty Images) Tasmanian devils live on the island of (surprise!) Tasmania, off the south coast of Australia. They are marsupials: their young are born tiny (about a third of a gram — that’s a hundredth of an ounce), then fed on milk and carried in a pouch. As adults, devils are thick-set, thuggish-looking animals, with massive teeth that they use to chomp up carcasses, bones and all. Although they are far from enormous — the biggest males weigh in at around 14 kilograms (30 pounds), about the size of a French bulldog — Tasmanian devils are the largest carnivorous marsupials to have, so far, escaped extinction. But over the last 12 years, the population has crashed — in some areas, population numbers have fallen by 90 percent. The dramatic decline has led the IUCN to move the species from “least concern” a decade ago to “endangered” now. Some think it could be extinct within 25 years. The reason? An infectious cancer. Some human cancers are infectious in the sense that they are caused by infectious viruses. Cervical cancer, for instance, is caused by human papilloma virus, which spreads from one person to another during sex. But the cancer that’s killing the Tasmanian devils is different. The cancer cells themselves are infectious. Here’s what happens. The cancer causes a tumor on the animal’s face. If an infected animal bites another — which happens often, as devils are aggressive creatures, especially during the mating season — some of the tumor cells get transferred. These then start growing on the other animal. It’s as though you kissed someone with throat cancer, and got their cancer yourself. Which is pretty weird. Cancers are usually part of you, a group of your own cells that begin to grow out of control. Foreign cells — such as the ones that cause the devils’ cancer — are normally rejected by the immune system. That’s why organ transplants are difficult: the immune system immediately recognizes that the transplanted organ is not part of you, and begins attacking it. This happens unless there’s a close match between the donor and the recipient at a set of genes known as the major histocompatibility locus, or MHC. If there is a match, you may be similar enough, genetically speaking, that the immune system doesn’t notice the difference between the foreign organ and you. But unless you’re having a transplant from a close relation, the odds of this are low. Human MHC genes are extremely variable. Most people who get organ transplants thus have to take drugs that suppress their immune system. Otherwise, the foreign organ gets attacked and destroyed. So it’s not surprising that most of the devil-style infectious cancers known in humans have happened when someone’s immune system hasn’t been working. Recipients of transplanted organs occasionally receive cancer cells as well; the drugs that prevent the immune system from destroying the organ also prevent it from destroying the foreign tumor. Because a baby’s immune system doesn’t get going until after it’s born, a pregnant woman with cancer can infect her fetus. Likewise, if a mother is carrying several fetuses and one of them has a cancer, it can infect the others. But all these events are rare. Even rarer are cases of direct transmission to someone whose immune system is robust. One example: a healthy surgeon injured his hand while operating on a cancer patient and contracted the patient’s cancer. For reasons unknown, his immune system failed to respond. The resulting tumor was cut out, and the surgeon survived. Tasmanian devils are not so lucky. Devil facial tumor disease, as it is known, kills within months. The tumor makes it hard for the animals to feed, so they starve. The cancer has had a dramatic impact on their way of life. In the past, a female Tasmanian devil could expect to live to four or five. She’d start breeding at two, and have a litter every year. But in places where devil facial tumor disease has struck, life expectancy is short. Hardly any animals live beyond age three, and most females have only one chance to breed. Interestingly, many females are now starting to breed in their first year. Although, before the disease, a few first-year females would manage to breed, most wouldn’t. This has changed. In some populations, more than 80 percent of females are breeding in their first year. But in the absence of animals able to resist the disease, whether this will be enough to save the species from annihilation remains to be seen. Why don’t the devils reject the alien cells? There are two possibilities. The first is that the tumor somehow interferes with the immune response. (Many traditional tumors can do this.) The second is that the immune system fails to recognize the tumor as alien. In the case of the devils, it seems to be the second. The animals don’t have much genetic diversity at the MHC. So the immune system doesn’t seem to be able to detect the invading cells because they’re not different enough from the animal’s own body. (Other animals with low MHC diversity, such as pocket gophers, can sometimes accept organ transplants from an unrelated member of their species.) Tasmanian devils aren’t the only animals to have a transmissible cancer. Dogs have one too. Theirs is transmitted during sex. Canine transmissible venereal tumor has been around for at least 200 years, and probably much longer. (The devils’ disease, in contrast, was first spotted in 1996.) For dogs, the disease is rarely fatal. Instead, the tumor goes through an initial period of rapid growth, during which it manages to stop the dog’s immune system from attacking it. But then, the immune system gets going, and kills the tumor. Having once been infected, a dog is resistant to the disease. These cancers raise a number of questions. In particular: why aren’t more cancers transmissible? After all, there are many, many types of cancer in many different species, but only two are known to spread from one animal to another. This suggests it isn’t simply a matter of MHC diversity. After all, animals such as beavers and cheetahs have low diversity but no cancer; and the MHC situation of Tasmanian devils didn’t suddenly change in the 1990s. Instead, it suggests that the cancer cells have to evolve in ways that makes them more likely to be transmissible. What those ways are, however, is a total mystery. But if transmissible cancers have evolved twice, the odds are they can evolve again. The prospect is unnerving. (Even more unnerving is the idea that such cancers could be transmitted by mosquitoes, as was mooted for an infectious cancer said to be circulating among a species of hamster in the 1960s. Reports of this cancer are, however, absent from the recent scientific literature, and their significance is unclear.) Beavers and cheetahs, and other animals with low diversity at the MHC, could obviously be at risk of going the way of the devil, should a transmissible cancer evolve in these species. What about us? Humans have lots of MHC diversity. But we have another risk factor. Owing to the failure to treat H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, in many parts of the world, large numbers of people have compromised immune systems. This is the sort of environment that could, perhaps, allow a transmissible cancer to evolve. Initially, it would circulate only among those who are immunocompromised. But, over time, it might evolve to infect healthy people too. It’s an alarming thought — though happily, a thought is all it is. For now.